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Exercise during leisure time may reduce the risk of 13 types of cancers, including liver cancer and breast cancer, a major study said Monday.

周一，一項調查研究發現，業余時間做鍛煉能降低13種癌癥發病率，包括肝癌、乳癌。

Hundreds of previous studies have examined associations between physical activity and cancer risk and shown reduced risks for colon, breast, and endometrial cancers. However, these results have been inconclusive for most cancer types due to small numbers of participants in the studies.

之前數百項調查已經研究過身體鍛煉和癌癥之間的關系，發現體育鍛煉可以降低直腸癌、乳房癌和子宮癌的發病率。然而由于調查對象數量有限，很多癌癥類型并沒有被包括在內。

In the new study, Steven Moore of the U.S. National Cancer Institute and colleagues examined data from 1.44 million people, aged 19 to 98, from the United States and Europe, who were followed for a median of 11 years.

由美國國家癌癥研究所Steven Moore和其同事進行了一項為期11年的調查，調查覆蓋美國和歐洲144萬人，年齡從19歲到98歲不等。

Participants were asked whether they did moderate or vigorous intensity activities in their free time, like walking, running or swimming, and how much physical activity they got.

調查參與者被問及在業余時間是否進行中度或高強度鍛煉，比如散步、跑步和游泳;進行了多少身體鍛煉。

During the study peroid, about 187,000 new cases of cancer occurred in the study participants.

在調查過程中，參與者出現了187000種新型的癌癥。

The study confirmed that leisure-time physical activity, as assessed by self-reported surveys, was associated with a lower risk of colon (16 percent), breast (10 percent), and endometrial (21 percent) cancers.

調查證實業余鍛煉能降低癌癥發病率，直腸癌發病率降低16%，乳房癌10%，子宮癌21%。

The researchers also determined that leisure-time physical activity was associated with a lower risk of 10 additional cancers, with the greatest risk reductions for esophageal adenocarcinoma(42 percent), liver(27 percent), gastric cardia (22 percent), kidney (23 percent), and myeloid leukemia (20 percent).

研究者還確定了身體鍛煉能降低另外其他10種癌癥的風險，降低幅度最大的是食管腺癌(42%)，其次是肝癌(27%)，賁門癌(22%)，腎癌(23%)，骨髓性白血病(20%)。

Myeloma and cancers of the head and neck, rectum, and bladder also showed reduced risks that were significant, but not as strong.

白血病，頭部和頸部、直腸和膀胱部位的癌癥風險也會降低，但不是很明顯。

Risk was reduced for lung cancer, but only for current and former smokers, and the reasons for this are still being studied.

肺癌的發病率也會降低，但只是限于新老煙民，具體原因還在調查中。

Overall, a higher level of exercise was associated with a 7 percent lower risk of total cancer.

總起來說，身體鍛煉多的人群可降低7%的癌癥發病率。

Most of the associations remained regardless of body size, suggesting that exercise acts through mechanisms other than lowering body weight to reduce cancer risk.

很多關聯沒有考慮身體重量因素，建議通過機械來鍛煉身體，而不是單純靠減肥來降低癌癥風險。

"Our results support that these associations are broadly generalizable to different populations, including people who are overweight or obese, or those with a history of smoking," said Moore.

“我們的調查結果適用于廣泛的人群，包括肥胖人群和老煙民，” Moore說道。

"Health care professionals counseling inactive adults should promote physical activity as a component of a healthy lifestyle and cancer prevention."

“健康專業老師鼓勵成年人要通過提高體育鍛煉來形成健康的生活方式，預防癌癥。”