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Turns out a good night's rest is good for business.

原來，夜晚的良好睡眠對企業(yè)有利。

One-third of American workers aren't sleeping enough to function at peak levels, and that chronic exhaustion is costing billions of dollars in lost productivity, according to researchers from Harvard Medical School.

哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院(Harvard Medical School)的科研人員表示，三分之一的美國勞動者由于睡眠不足不能在工作時(shí)達(dá)到最佳狀態(tài)，勞動者的長期疲憊還給生產(chǎn)力帶來了巨大的損失。

Managers at a growing number of concerns, among them Procter & Gamble Co., PG +0.01%and Goldman Sachs Group Inc., GS +1.04%are waking up to the problem, investing in programs from sleep-hygiene courses to melatonin-regulating lighting to help employees improve their slumber.

越來越多企業(yè)──其中包括寶潔公司(Procter & Gamble Co.)和高盛集團(tuán)(Goldman Sachs Group Inc.)──的管理者開始逐漸意識到了這個(gè)問題。為了幫助員工提高睡眠質(zhì)量，這些企業(yè)花錢投資了從睡眠衛(wèi)生課程到褪黑素調(diào)節(jié)燈具等一系列項(xiàng)目。

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates 40.6 million American workers, or 30% of the civilian workforce, don't get enough rest. And the Harvard scientists estimated in 2011 that sleep deprivation costs U.S. companies $63.2 billion in lost productivity per year, mainly because of 'presenteeism,' people showing up for work but operating at subpar levels. One example, from a separate team at Singapore Management University: Workers waste an extra 8.4 minutes online岸checking email, refreshing the TMZ.com home page, and so on岸for every hour of interrupted sleep the previous night.

美國疾病控制與預(yù)防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)估計(jì)，約有4,060萬美國勞動者──即全美就業(yè)人數(shù)的30%──沒有得到充分的休息。哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院的科學(xué)家們在2011年曾預(yù)計(jì)，睡眠剝奪每年給美國企業(yè)帶來的生產(chǎn)力損失達(dá)632億美元，其中的主要原因是“出勤主義”，即勞動者出現(xiàn)在工作崗位上但工作效率低下。新加坡管理大學(xué)(Singapore Management University)的一個(gè)科研團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)：勞動者前一個(gè)晚上被打擾的每一個(gè)小時(shí)的睡眠會導(dǎo)致他們第二天多浪費(fèi)8.4分鐘上網(wǎng)，比如查郵件、刷新八卦網(wǎng)站等。

Managers struggle to motivate exhausted workers. During busy holiday periods at the Park Hyatt Beaver Creek resort in Avon, Colo., long hours sometimes lead to short fuses among staff. 'You have to try to figure out who's feeling frustrated and help them cut loose to get some rest,' said Scott Gubrud, director of sales and marketing at the hotel, which last week began a series of better-sleep initiatives for both employees and guests.

為激勵(lì)疲憊不堪的員工，管理人員使出了渾身解數(shù)。在位于科羅拉多州埃文(Avon)的比佛溪柏悅度假村(Park Hyatt Beaver Creek Resort)，度假旺季的長時(shí)間工作有時(shí)會令員工之間產(chǎn)生摩擦。該度假村銷售和市場主管古布魯?shù)?Scott Gubrud)稱，你必須要設(shè)法找出情緒沮喪的員工，并幫他們放下活兒去休息一會兒。本月，該度假村針對員工和客人發(fā)起了一系列“好眠”倡議。

'If we treated machinery like we treat the human body, there would be breakdowns all the time,' said James Maas, a former Cornell University psychologist and author of 'Sleep for Success.'

前康奈爾大學(xué)(Cornell University)心理學(xué)家、《有睡眠才會成功》(Sleep for Success)一書的作者馬斯(James Maas)表示，如果用對待身體的方式來對待機(jī)器，機(jī)器隨時(shí)都會崩潰。

Companies have been slow to grasp the effects of sleep deprivation on productivity, but it is now a hot topic even in hard-driving industries, such as finance, where pulling all-nighters is often viewed as crucial to getting ahead.

企業(yè)在領(lǐng)會睡眠剝奪對生產(chǎn)力的影響上向來遲鈍，但是現(xiàn)在這已然成為了熱門話題，即使在金融業(yè)等壓力繁重的行業(yè)也是如此。在這些行業(yè)，熬夜常被視為成功的關(guān)鍵因素。

Mr. Maas, who says he coined the phrase 'power nap' 36 years ago, gave a talk about sleep hygiene at Goldman Sachs in 2011 that was so oversubscribed it had to be broadcast via conference call to accommodate the 1,000 or so people who wanted to attend. He spoke last year at hedge-fund firm D.E. Shaw & Co., which has nap pods sprinkled around its offices.

馬斯2011年曾在高盛舉辦過一場關(guān)于睡眠衛(wèi)生的講座，想要報(bào)名參加講座的員工多到高盛不得不通過電話會議的方式對講座進(jìn)行廣播，才能滿足大約1,000名員工的需求。馬斯稱，他在36年前就創(chuàng)造了“能量小盹”這個(gè)詞。去年，他在對沖基金公司德劭集團(tuán)(D.E.Shaw & Co.)也舉辦了一次講座，現(xiàn)在該公司的辦公室內(nèi)擺滿了睡眠艙。

Yet perceptions linger that sleep is for sissies and loafers, and neither Goldman nor Shaw would comment directly about why they're addressing employees' sleep habits. A 2012 University of Southern California study of young investment bankers suggests that punishing hours, and resulting sleep deprivation, contributed to physical and emotional ailments within four years on the job.

然而，有關(guān)睡覺是娘娘腔和懶漢們專利的看法仍然揮之不去，而且無論是高盛還是德劭都不愿意就關(guān)注雇員睡眠習(xí)慣的原因直接置評。南加利福利亞大學(xué)(University of Southern California) 2012年一項(xiàng)針對青年投資銀行家的研究表明，加班以及由此導(dǎo)致的睡眠剝奪，對最近四年工作期間內(nèi)出現(xiàn)的身體及情緒疾病負(fù)有責(zé)任。

'People in investment banking have been my main clients for the last few years because they're so exhausted and under so much pressure,' said Mr. Maas, adding that bankers usually don't want to hear about how to get more sleep. Instead, they want tips for performing well on five or six hours' rest.

馬斯稱，在過去的幾年里，投資銀行從業(yè)人員一直是我的主要客戶，因?yàn)樗麄兤v不堪，并且承受著巨大的壓力。他補(bǔ)充道，銀行家們通常不愿意聽取有關(guān)如何增加睡眠的建議，他們更想要的是只睡五、六個(gè)小時(shí)就能生龍活虎的高招。

The risks of fatigue are especially acute in professions like health care and manufacturing, which involve overnight shifts and where a single careless error can put lives in danger.

疲勞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在醫(yī)療和制造等行業(yè)中尤為嚴(yán)重。這些行業(yè)涉及夜班，稍有疏忽就會導(dǎo)致生命危險(xiǎn)。

At Aurora Health Care, the largest hospital system in Wisconsin, more than 2,600 employees in 2012 took a six-week online course for insomnia sufferers after managers surmised that sleep deprivation was likely a problem among its workforce. The course, one of several health-coaching sessions offered at Aurora and developed by Johnson & Johnson's JNJ -0.74%Wellness & Prevention unit, requires participants to keep a sleep diary, and then makes recommendations based on individual sleep patterns.

2012年，有超過2,600名奧羅拉醫(yī)療保健系統(tǒng)(Aurora Health Care)的員工學(xué)習(xí)了為期六周的為失眠患者設(shè)計(jì)的網(wǎng)上課程，該機(jī)構(gòu)的管理人士認(rèn)為睡眠剝奪可能是全體員工的普遍問題。奧羅拉醫(yī)療保健系統(tǒng)是威斯康辛州最大的醫(yī)療體系。這項(xiàng)課程由強(qiáng)生公司(Johnson & Johnson's)旗下的保健與預(yù)防部門開發(fā)，是奧羅拉提供的健康培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目之一。該課程要求學(xué)員記睡眠日記，并會根據(jù)個(gè)人的睡眠模式給出建議方案。

Barb Stollenwork, age 53 and a wellness program coordinator at Aurora, kicked her nightly Tylenol PM habit after finishing the program at the end of 2011. For years, she said, she woke at 4 a.m., then lay in bed worrying about how she'd function that day. By changing her behavior岸for instance, going to bed later岸she began sleeping until her alarm rang at 5:30 a.m.

斯托倫沃克(Barb Stollenwork)是奧羅拉的一名健康項(xiàng)目協(xié)調(diào)員，現(xiàn)年53歲。在2011年底結(jié)束了失眠治療項(xiàng)目的學(xué)習(xí)后，她戒掉了每晚吃泰諾安(Tylenol PM)的習(xí)慣。她說，多年以來，她總是在凌晨四點(diǎn)醒來，然后就躺在那兒發(fā)愁這一天怎樣才能保持狀態(tài)。通過調(diào)整自身習(xí)慣，比如晚點(diǎn)兒上床，她又能一直睡到五點(diǎn)半鬧鐘響了。

Based on follow-up surveys that asked about both sleep and work habits, Aurora sees an average of $672 in productivity savings per participant in the insomnia module, said Dr. David Smith, an Aurora vice president.

奧羅拉副總裁史密斯(David Smith)博士稱，基于對睡眠和工作習(xí)慣的跟蹤調(diào)查，奧羅拉發(fā)現(xiàn)參加失眠治療課程的學(xué)員平均每人節(jié)省了672美元的生產(chǎn)力。

Procter & Gamble is talking with sleep expert Nancy Rothstein about creating a multiweek pilot program for two of its plants, one in Belleville, Ontario, that makes Always feminine-hygiene products, and the other in Lima, Ohio, that makes liquid laundry detergents. Paul DeLuca, North American learning and development manager, said he hopes to have both courses running by June, starting with a group of 15 to 20 workers in Lima and up to 300 in Belleville.

寶潔公司正與睡眠專家羅斯坦(Nancy Rothstein)就在旗下兩家工廠開設(shè)為期數(shù)周的試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行溝通。其中一家工廠位于加拿大安大略省貝爾維爾(Belleville)，生產(chǎn)的是Always牌女性衛(wèi)生用品;另一家工廠位于美國俄亥俄州利馬(Lima)，生產(chǎn)的是洗衣液。寶潔北美培訓(xùn)及發(fā)展經(jīng)理德盧卡(Paul Deluca)稱，他希望兩家工廠都能在6月前開課，利馬工廠初期參與課程的有15至20名工人，貝爾維爾工廠則有多達(dá)300名。

The plants operate day and night, so many employees work unconventional hours, a known risk for poor sleep and overall bad health. If the program helps workers get better rest, with resulting gains in productivity and concentration, Mr. DeLuca will argue for a broader rollout of the initiative.

這些工廠日夜開工，所以很多工人需要在非常規(guī)時(shí)段工作，眾所周知，這有引發(fā)低質(zhì)睡眠和整體健康狀況惡化的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。如果這一課程能幫助工人休息得更好，并能提高生產(chǎn)力和注意力，德盧卡將力爭擴(kuò)大試點(diǎn)的范圍。

P&G brought Ms. Rothstein to its headquarters in Cincinnati last year to give a 50-minute presentation emphasizing, among other things, the importance of shutting off screen devices an hour before bed because the blue light emitted by the screens interferes with production of the sleep hormone melatonin.

去年，寶潔邀請諾斯坦到其位于辛辛那提的總部做了一個(gè)五十分鐘的報(bào)告。在諸多注意事項(xiàng)中，報(bào)告著重強(qiáng)調(diào)了睡前一小時(shí)關(guān)閉屏幕設(shè)備的重要性，因?yàn)槠聊话l(fā)出的藍(lán)光會干擾睡眠荷爾蒙褪黑素的分泌。

That's no easy order in the age of smartphones, laptops and late-night conference calls with the Beijing or London office. 'The line between work and what's outside of work is graying,' Mr. DeLuca said.

在這個(gè)充滿了智能手機(jī)、筆記本電腦和連線北京或倫敦辦公室的深夜電話會議的時(shí)代，執(zhí)行這個(gè)建議實(shí)屬不易。德盧卡說，工作內(nèi)外的界限變得越來越模糊。

At the more extreme end of the intervention scale, some are calling upon Litebook Company Ltd., a Canadian maker of lights that help regulate the body's melatonin levels. The company, which supplies devices to the Philadelphia Flyers and Ottawa Senators to help athletes cope with jet lag and game schedules, said it is getting calls from corporations interested in making the lights available at workstations and desks.

還有一種更為激進(jìn)的睡眠干預(yù)方式：有些人求助于加拿大燈具制造商Litebook Company Ltd.的產(chǎn)品，該公司生產(chǎn)的燈具有助于調(diào)節(jié)人體的褪黑素水平。Litebook為費(fèi)城飛人隊(duì)(Phiadelphia Flyers)和渥太華參議員隊(duì)(Ottawa Senators)供應(yīng)燈具，以幫助運(yùn)動員們應(yīng)對飛行時(shí)差和賽程安排所帶來的問題。該公司表示，他們不斷地接到從其他公司打來的電話，表示有興趣在工作間和辦公桌上安裝這種燈具。