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這類題目要求考生在理解全文大意的基礎(chǔ)上，對短文做出總結(jié)或概括性的評價。這種題目要求考生不僅能確切把握文中的事實和細節(jié)，而且更要透徹理解短文主旨。有的時候還要求對作者寫作的意圖、觀點進行剖析，甚至推測作者的語氣、態(tài)度等。在表現(xiàn)形式上常采用下列句式：

From the story, we can say/see _________.

According to (根據(jù)) the passage, we know that ____________.

The title (標(biāo)題) of the passage / can be _______________.

The writer tells us _________.

From the story we can see ／learn__________.

The main idea of this passage is ___________.

What is this passage about？

請看下面的例文：

Have you ever heard your own voice? “Of course,” you say.

Has anyone else ever heard your voice? Again you say, “Of course.”

But that’s not quite true. Nobody else has ever heard your voice—the way you hear it. When you talk, you set up sound waves (聲波). The air outside your head carries the sound waves to your outer ears. But, of course, the sound of your voice begins inside your head. The bones (骨頭) of your head pick up the sound waves, too. They carry the sound waves straight to your inner(里面的) ears. You get the sound from the outside and the inside too. Other people get just the sound waves from the outside. That’s why they don’t hear your voice the way you do.

1. Sound travels in the form (形式) of __________.

A. bones B. air C. waves D. voice

2. The sound of your voice begins ________.

A. inside your head B. outside your head

C. in your inner ears D. in your outer ears

3. When you talk, other people hear your voice _______.

A. through the bones of your head B. from the outside

C. from the inside D. all of the above

4. The phrase “pick up” here means ________.

A. to raise B. to get C. to choose D. to pull

5. The passage is mainly about _________.

A.waves in the air

B. the way you hear your own voice

C. voice gets around far and wide

D. the different ways you and others hear your voice

(選自2003年揚州市中考試題)

【分析】這篇閱讀材料所講的是我們每個人都熟悉的事。答案分別是：1.C 2. A 3. B 4.B 5. D。

下面我們就來著重分析一下考查歸納主旨的第5小題。通讀全文，我們知道短文的大意是：別人聽到我們聲音的方式與我們自己聽到的方式是不同的。周圍的空氣將我們說話時發(fā)出的聲波傳送到外耳。由于聲音是從頭的內(nèi)部發(fā)出來的，我們自己的頭骨也受到聲波的振動，并直接將聲波傳送到內(nèi)耳里。這也就是說，我們自己是從外部和內(nèi)部兩處同時聽到聲音的。而別人則不然，他們只是從外部接收到我們發(fā)出的聲波。根據(jù)短文提供的以上信息，不難看出，這篇短文的主旨是“自己和別人聽到自己聲音的方式是不同的”。所以答案為D。